This policy brief describes the crucial role NIH plays in supporting research on new products to prevent, diagnose, and cure TB. This research is especially important at a time when new forms of drug resistance are emerging globally, and rates of TB are rising in the U.S. With continued and increased funding, NIH can protect Americans from the growing threat of TB at home and abroad. NIH funding is also vital to many state and local economies, and employs people from a wide variety of industries to keep research institutions running smoothly. This efficient and effective federal agency is central to protecting the health and economic stability of millions of Americans, and requires public support now more than ever.